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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkem | om toʃko |
| 2SG: | toʃket | ot toʃko |
| 3SG: | toʃka | ok/ogeʃ toʃko |
| 1PL: | toʃkena | ona/ogəna toʃko |
| 2PL: | toʃkeda | oda/ogəda toʃko |
| 3PL: | toʃkat | ogət toʃko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkəʃəm | ʃəm toʃko |
| 2SG: | toʃkəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃko |
| 3SG: | toʃkəʃ | əʃ toʃko |
| 1PL: | toʃkəʃna | əʃna toʃko |
| 2PL: | toʃkəʃda | əʃda toʃko |
| 3PL: | toʃkəʃt | əʃt toʃko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkenam | toʃken oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃkenat | toʃken otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃken | toʃken ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃkenːa | toʃken onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃkenda | toʃken odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃkenət | toʃken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkem əʎe | om toʃko əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃket əʎe | ot toʃko əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃko əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃkena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃko əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃkeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃko əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃkat əʎe | ogət toʃko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkem ulmaʃ | om toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃket ulmaʃ | ot toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃkena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃkeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃkat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkenam əʎe | toʃken oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃkenat əʎe | toʃken otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃken əʎe | toʃken ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃkenːa əʎe | toʃken onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃkenda əʎe | toʃken odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃken əʎe | toʃken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkenam ulmaʃ | toʃken oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃkenat ulmaʃ | toʃken otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃken ulmaʃ | toʃken ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃkenːa ulmaʃ | toʃken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃkenda ulmaʃ | toʃken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃken ulmaʃ | toʃken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃko | it toʃko |
| 3SG: | toʃkəʒo | ənʒe toʃko |
| 1PL: | (toʃkena) | (ona/ogəna toʃko) |
| 2PL: | toʃkəza | ida toʃko |
| 3PL: | toʃkəʃt | ənəʃt toʃko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkənem | ənem toʃko |
| 2SG: | toʃkənet | ənet toʃko |
| 3SG: | toʃkəneʒe | əneʒ toʃko |
| 1PL: | toʃkənena | ənena toʃko |
| 2PL: | toʃkəneda | əneda toʃko |
| 3PL: | toʃkəneʃt | əneʃt toʃko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkənem əʎe | ənem toʃko əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃkənena əʎe | ənet toʃko əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃko əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃkənena əʎe | ənena toʃko əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃkəneda əʎe | əneda toʃko əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃkənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃkəman |
| Active participle: | toʃkəʃo |
| Passive participle: | toʃkəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃkəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃkədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃken |
| Negative gerund: | toʃkəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃkəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃkəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃkəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃkəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃkədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||